Showing posts with label Science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Science. Show all posts

Tuesday, April 30, 2019

April 30, 2019

Top 8 Amazing Antarctic Animals

Top 8 Amazing Antarctic Animals

Antarctic continent hold the title of coldest place on Earth. Only few species of animals are found in Antarctica because of extensive ice covers, strong cold winds and lack of winter sunlight. Here the list of top 8 amazing Antarctic animals.

8
South Polar Skua


South polar skuas are bulky broad winged sea birds those who breed on Antarctic coast. They like to live in open sea areas, grow up to a size of 21 inches, found in  greyish brown color.
South polar skuas shows behaviour of keeping same nest and same mate year after year. They used to make nest close to penguin colonies, to get food in easier way, fishes are main food of polar skuas. In winter season they migrate to North Pacific ocean.

7
Wandering Albatross


Wandering albatross have largest wingspan of any living bird in the world, ranges between 2.5 to 3.5 meters. They are native to Southern Ocean region, also sound within Islands of Antarctica. Using their large wingspan wandering albatross glide for hours in ocean wind.
Wandering albatross spend most of their lives in flying, found rarely in land, only at breeding period.They make colonies in remote islands, usually laid only one egg and give so much of care for it. They feed on small fishes and cephalopods, also like to drink ocean water.

6
Killer Whale


Killer whales are toothed whales, found in all oceans including Arctic and Antarctic region. They hunting for preys ranging from fishes, penguins, seals and even other whales. The length of killer whales measured up to 9.5 meters and weighs between 10 to 11 tons.
Killer whales are very common in sea of Antarctica, have population of 70000. But in winter they migrate away from coldwater of Antarctica.  Killer whales are highly social animals, live in groups. The vocal behaviour of killer whales becomes specific for each group.

5
Dusky Dolphin


Dusky dolphins are found with cooler water of South hemisphere region, especially in Antarctica. Dusky dolphins are smallest among 33 different species of dolphins, have maximum length up to 2 meters. The smooth body help them to easily glide through ocean water.
They also travel in ocean for long distances in searching for food, make migration at night time. Dusky dolphins are highly social animals, found in groups with members ranges between 20 to 25. Like other species of dolphins they also blow whistles for make communication between each other

4
Elephant Seal


Elephant seals are largest seals in Antarctic continent. Elephant seals grows up to length of 6 feets ans weighs up to 4 tons. They got this name because of trunk like inflatable snouts.
The found in colonies and males fight each other for the pair, make loud roaring noises during fighting. Elephant seals breed on land and spend most of time in chilly Antarctic ocean during winter season. The feed on fishes, squids and other marine foods, also can live up to two months without having any food.

3
Crabeater Seal


Crabeater seal spend their lifespan on ice-packed zone of Antarctica. They are abundant species of seal in Southern ocean, have population of 15 million. According to the contraction and expansion of ice-packs in Antarctica crabeater seals travels in long distances.
They also used to breed on ice, female seal looking after for pub for long time. They usually feed on krills, capable of making dive to the depth of 250 meters.

2
Chinstrap Penguin


Chinstrap penguins are the second most populated one in species of penguins in Antarctica region, approximately have a population of 11.8 million. They got this name because of narrow black band under the head. They also called as ringed penguins and bearded penguins.
In winter season chinstrap penguins live in larger icebergs. They make nest in land using stones of different sizes, laid up to two eggs. Both male and female chinstrap penguin give care for the chicks. They mainly like to have shrimps, krills and small fishes, diving efforts are found at night times.

1
Emperor Penguin


Emperor penguins are largest of all species of penguin, endemic of Antarctic region. Adult penguins have heights up to 45 inches, weighs between 40 to 45 kilograms. Emperor penguins shows many cooperative behaviour to escape from cold wind that reach up to -62 degree celsius, they group together to conserve warmth.
Emperor penguins are the only species of penguin that breed on Winter season in Antarctica. The female penguin laid only one egg on large ice sheets and leave behind for males. The male penguin keep the egg warm and protect from other threats.
At that time female penguins travel for more than 50 miles in searching for food. They are capable of making dive up to depth of 550 meters. The return of female penguin only happen after two or three months later. They bring so much of food in belly on return and regurgitate it for chicks and male penguin.
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Friday, April 26, 2019

April 26, 2019

Life in the Year 3000

Life in the Year 3000

 By the end of the third millennium people will all have access to basic utilities like electricity and the internet. As a type two civilization the overall energy consumption of everyone in the 30th century will be at a level of around 4×10²⁶ watts. In other words, the energy utilization in a world full of working class consumers will be comparable to the luminosity of our parent star. So, the people of the future will inevitably need to fully harness the output of the Sun through the use of a vast array of satellite mega-structures that encircle the celestial body and capture the radiation it emits.
In requiring everyone to work together, the inclusive attitude of the future will cause everyone to grow much closer to one another, improving interpersonal relationships in neighborhoods the world over. By the year 3000, the whole of humanity will become a sort of poly-amorous society of mono-ethnic global citizens, living in a complex egalitarian intercontinental cooperative. Everyone will be part of multicultural communities within communities. Companies and credit unions will even be owned by their employees. People will all be very conscientious. Everyone will support the global economy, as well as ecology, of the world.

Humans will inhabit artificial urban jungles filled with buildings and sidewalks, while the other animals will inhabit natural rural jungles filled with wilderness and trails. Friends will walk through the crowded streets of the mega-cities of the future holding hands with one another. Public displays of affection will be customary among everyone. Casual bisexual encounters will be the norm. Everyone will care about everyone else. People will all accept each other, and help each other out, more and more as time goes on.
The point is that eventually, everyone will finally get along. Humanity will progress to a point of collective compatibility as everyone sufficiently integrates and assimilates. From now until the year 3000, the several thousand languages currently spoken will reduce down to only about a hundred. More importantly, the nation-state members of the UN will all use the same form of electronic currency. As the countries of the world unify more and more, the metric system will become the universal standard of measurement. Things will become increasingly more common among everyone. This will bring everyone closer and closer together, each step of the way. In the end, cultural memes will all eventually just blend together in the great melting pot that is the world.
People will also change physically, along with mentally, too though. For instance, there will be an increase in both height and longevity, among people in general. In the year 3000 people will be about six feet tall, and live to be 120 years old, on average. They will experience a slight reduction in the size of their mouths, too. Improvements in nutritional science will revolutionize the world of medicine and alter the course of human evolution. Everyone will be genetically screened as an embryo to weed out defects and correct mistakes in their personal genome. 8th scale transhuman cyborgs will even go so far as to have 7th scale robotic integrations, with microscopic machines making them better. This will be terribly important because there will be very little diversity in the gene pool of the superhumans of the future, who are all bred to be what is considered ideal.
Although the global citizens of the international republic will all be part of an egalitarian civilization, they will no longer be primarily patriarchal as a species. Instead, Homo sapiens will begin to behave more like Pan paniscus, rather than Pan troglodytes. Society will be primarily matrifocal, so children and their father will take on the surname of the mother. Females will be the head of the house and the state. The matriarchy of the future will contain six billion women, and nearly as many men, who will all work together toward cooperative social welfare rather than competitive antisocial warfare.
The international superstate will ultimately govern everything, but unification into the transnational republic will bring about a dismantling of the military-industrial complexes through mass disarmament. In the future, there will even be outpost colonies on Mars. This will all help to pave the way for peace through unrestricted intercontinental an interplanetary trade and travel, across and be
tween the worlds of tomorrow.
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Monday, April 22, 2019

April 22, 2019

Interesting Facts About the Universe

Interesting Facts About the Universe

So you think you know your universe? We’ve got our own top 10 list on the most interesting facts about the Universe.

1. It was hot when it was young

The most widely accepted cosmological model is that of the Big Bang. This was proven since the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation or CMBR. Although, strictly speaking, no one knows exactly what ‘banged’, we know from extrapolation that the Universe was infinitely hot at birth, cooling down as it expanded.
In fact, even only within minutes of expansion, scientists predict its temperature to have been about a billion Kelvin. Moving backward to 1 second, it is said to have been at 10 billion Kelvin. For comparison, today’s universe is found to have an average temperature of only 2.725 Kelvin.

2. It will be cold when it grows old

Observations made especially on galaxies farthest from us show that the Universe is expanding at an accelerated rate. This, and data that show that the Universe is cooling allows us to believe that the most probable ending for our universe is that of a Big Freeze.
That is, it will be devoid of any usable heat (energy). It is due to this prediction that the Big Freeze is also known as the Heat Death.Accurate measurements made by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) on the current geometry and density of the Universe favor such an ending.

3. The Universe spans a diameter of over 150 billion light years

Current estimates as with regards to the size of the Universe pegs it at a width of 150 billion light years. Although it may seem peculiarly inconsistent with the age of the Universe, which you’ll read about next, this value is easily understood once you consider the fact that the Universe is expanding at an accelerated rate

4. The Universe is 13.7 billion years old

If you think that is amazing, perhaps equally remarkable is the fact that we know this to better than 1% precision. Credit goes to the WMAP team for gathering all the information needed to come up with this number. The information is based on measurements made on the CMBR.
Older methods which have contributed to confirming this value include measurements of the abundances of certain radioactive nuclei. Observations made on globular clusters, which contain the oldest stars, have also pointed to values close to this.

5. The Earth is not flat – but the Universe is

Based on Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, there are three possible shapes that the Universe may take: open, closed, and flat. Once again, measurements by WMAP on the CMBR have revealed a monumental confirmation – the Universe is flat.
Combining this geometry and the idea of an invisible entity known as dark energy coincides with the widely accepted ultimate fate of our universe, which as stated earlier, is a Big Freeze.

6. Large Scale Structures of the Universe

Considering only the largest structures, the Universe is made up of filaments, voids, superclusters, and galaxy groups and clusters. By combining galaxy groups and clusters, we come up with superclusters. Some superclusters in turn form part of walls, which are also parts of filaments.
The vast empty spaces are known as voids. That the Universe is clumped together in certain parts and empty in others is consistent with measurements of the CMBR that show slight variations in temperature during its earliest stages of development.

7. A huge chunk of it is made up of things we can’t see

Different wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum such as those of radio waves, infrared, x-rays, and visible light have allowed us to peer into the cosmos and ‘see’ huge portions of it. Unfortunately, an even larger portion cannot be seen by any of these frequencies.
And yet, certain phenomena such as gravitational lensing, temperature distributions, orbital velocities and rotational speeds of galaxies, and all others that are evidence of a missing mass justify their probable existence. Specifically, these observations show that dark matter exists. Another invisible entity known as dark energy, is believed to be the reason why galaxies are speeding away at an accelerated rate.

8. There is no such thing as the Universe’s center

Nope. The earth is not the center of the Universe. It’s not even the center of the galaxy. And no again, our galaxy is not the entire universe, neither is it the center. Don’t hold your breath but the Universe has no center. Every galaxy is expanding away from one another

9. Its members are in a hurry to be as far away from each other as possible

The members that we are talking about are the galaxies. As mentioned earlier, they are rushing away from each other at increasing rates. In fact, prior to the findings of most recently gathered data, it was believed that the Universe might end in a Big Rip. That is, everything, down to the atoms, would be ripped apart.
This idea stemmed from this observed accelerated rate of expansion. Scientists who supported this radically catastrophic ending believed that this kind of expansion would go on forever, and thus would force everything to be ripped apart.

10. To gain a deeper understanding of it, we need to study structures smaller than the atom

Ever since cosmologists started to trace events backward in time based on the Big Bang model, their views, which focused only on the very large, got smaller and smaller. They knew, that by extrapolating backward, they would be led into a universe that was very hot, very dense, very tiny, and governed by extremely high energies.
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